Oracle expdp impdp中 exclude/include 的使用

exclude和include参数能够在使用expdp或impdp是对特定的对象或对象类型进行筛选或过滤。比如因工作的需要导出特定的表或不导出特定
的表、视图以及存储过程、索引、约束、授权统计信息等等。下面将给出expdp或impdp使用exclude和include参数的方法和示例。

 

一、exclude/include参数用法:

    EXCLUDE=[object_type]:[name_clause],[object_type]:[name_clause]  –>排出特定对象

    INCLUDE=[object_type]:[name_clause],[object_type]:[name_clause]  –>包含特定对象

    object_type子句用于指定对象的类型,如table,sequence,view,procedure,package等等
    name_clause子句可以为SQL表达式用于过滤特定的对象名字。它由SQL操作符以及对象名(可使用通配符)来过滤指定对象类型中的特定对象。
    当未指定name_clause而仅仅指定object_type则所有该类型的对象都将被过滤或筛选。多个[object_type]:[name_clause]中间以逗号分割。

    示例:
       expdp <other_parameters> SCHEMAS=scott EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,TABLE:”IN (‘EMP’,’DEPT’)”

       impdp <other_parameters> SCHEMAS=scott INCLUDE=PACKAGE,FUNCTION,PROCEDURE,TABLE:”=’EMP'”

 

二、常用的过滤SQL表达式

    EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,VIEW                          –过滤所有的SEQUENCE,VIEW
  
    EXCLUDE=TABLE:”IN (‘EMP’,’DEPT’)”               –过滤表对象EMP,DEPT
  
    EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,VIEW,TABLE:”IN (‘EMP’,’DEPT’)” –过滤所有的SEQUENCE,VIEW以及表对象EMP,DEPT
  
    EXCLUDE=INDEX:”= ‘INDX_NAME'”                   –过滤指定的索引对象INDX_NAME
  
    INCLUDE=PROCEDURE:”LIKE ‘PROC_U%'”              –包含以PROC_U开头的所有存储过程(_ 符号代表任意单个字符)
  
    INCLUDE=TABLE:”> ‘E’ ”                          –包含大于字符E的所有表对象

    其它常用操作符 NOT IN, NOT LIKE, <, != 等等
    直接将过滤操作符封装到参数文件中,如下面的例子
    Parameter file:exp_scott.par
  
    DIRECTORY = dump_scott
    DUMPFILE = exp_scott_%U.dmp
    LOGFILE = exp_scott.log
    SCHEMAS = scott
    PARALLEL= 2
    EXCLUDE = TABLE:”IN (‘EMP’, ‘DEPT’)” 
    
    expdp system/manager parfile=exp.par 

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三、命令行下转义符的处理

Windows平台:

    D:\> expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=my_dir DUMPFILE=exp_tab.dmp LOGFILE=exp_tab.log SCHEMAS=scott
     INCLUDE=TABLE:\”IN (‘EMP’, ‘DEPT’)\”
  
    在Windows平台下,需要对象双引号进行转义,使用转义符\

Unix平台:
    在未使用parfile文件的情形下,所有的符号都需要进行转义,包括括号,双引号,单引号等
    % expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=my_dir DUMPFILE=exp_tab.dmp LOGFILE=exp_tab.log SCHEMAS=scott
     INCLUDE=TABLE:\”IN \’EMP\’, \’DEP\’\”

 

四、exclude/include常见的错误

  任意需要转义的字符如果未转义或转义错误,都会产生ORA错误。下面给出几种常见的ORA错误。
   
     ORA-39001: invalid argument value
     ORA-39071: Value for INCLUDE is badly formed.
     ORA-00936: missing expression

     ORA-39001: invalid argument value
     ORA-39071: Value for EXCLUDE is badly formed.
     ORA-00904: “DEPT”: invalid identifier

     ORA-39001: invalid argument value
     ORA-39041: Filter “INCLUDE” either identifies all object types or no object types.

     ORA-39001: invalid argument value
     ORA-39041: Filter “EXCLUDE” either identifies all object types or no object types

     ORA-39001: invalid argument value
     ORA-39038: Object path “USER” is not supported for TABLE jobs.

 

五、导出示例
  –>导出不包含sequence,表EMP,DEPT的其它所有对象
    [Oracle@orasrv scott]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=fliter_1.dmp log=fliter_1.log schemas=scott \
    > exclude=sequence,table:\” in \’EMP\’,\’DEPT\’\”

  –>包含大于字符T的所有表对象
    [oracle@orasrv ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp.log include=table:\”\>\’T\’\”
    ………..
    Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…
    Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
    Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 18.06 MB
    Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
    Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
    . . exported “SCOTT”.”TB_PARL”                           7.020 MB   72598 rows
    . . exported “SCOTT”.”TT”                                7.009 MB   72493 rows
    . . exported “SCOTT”.”XP”:”P2″                           5.398 KB       1 rows
    Master table “SCOTT”.”SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01″ successfully loaded/unloaded
    ******************************************************************************
    Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
      /home/oracle/dump/scott/tmp.dmp
    Job “SCOTT”.”SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01″ successfully completed at 14:24:55

 

–>仅仅导入表对象TT,如果存在则将其替换
    [oracle@orasrv scott]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp_imp.log \
    > include=table:\” =\’TT\’ \” table_exists_action=replace
    ………….
    Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
    Master table “SCOTT”.”SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01″ successfully loaded/unloaded
    Starting “SCOTT”.”SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01″:  scott/******** directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp_imp.log
    include=table:” =’TT’ ” table_exists_action=replace 
    Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
    Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
    . . imported “SCOTT”.”TT”                                7.009 MB   72493 rows
    Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
    Job “SCOTT”.”SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01″ successfully completed at 14:59:32

 

–>下面是一个实际实际导出过程中的parfile参数,exclude参数用于排出所有包含BAK的表对象,以及一些索引对象,使用了in,like运算符
    userid=goex_admin
    directory=DB_DUMP_DIR
    dumpfile=sybo2_full_%U.dmp
    logfile=sybo2_full.log
    exclude=table:”like ‘%BAK%'”,index:” in (‘PK_ACC_POS_CASH_PL_TBL_ARC_11′,’pk_acc_pos_cash_tbl_arc_11’,
     ‘PK_ACC_POS_STOCK_ARCH_TBL_11′,’I_ACC_POS_STOCK_TBL_ARC_DT’,’I_ACC_POS_CASH_PL_ARCH_TBL_DT’) “,
     table:”in (‘ACC_POS_STOCK_TBL_ARC’)”
    filesize=5368709120
    schemas=goex_admin

 

 –>下面是一个使用query查询过滤的情形
  –>该操作导出的schema为scott,表对象emp中deptno=20,以及dept表中deptno=20的记录被导出,这两个表中的其余记录被过滤
  –>该操作除上述过滤以后的所有对象将被一一导出
  expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=scott_filter.dmp logfile=scott_filter.log directory=DB_DUMP_DIR schemas=scott \
  > query=scott.emp:'”where deptno=20″‘,scott.dept:'”where deptno=20″‘

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